Axiom five: Dark Matter

1. Dark Matter are Gluons without information, magnetism, or rotation.
1.1 Dark Matter densities form lattices, clumps, and other non-uniform shapes.

2. Dark Matter exists outside magnetic fields only.
2.1 When a magnetic field comes into contact with Dark Matter it excites the Gluons with information.
2.2 This simple magnetic excitation causes three Gluons to form triplets and start rotating.
2.3 This single triplet in rotation is a Baryon creating magnetism, electricity, electromagnetism and density oscillations.

3.1 Dark Matter is repelled by Magnetic Fields.
3.1.1 Dark Matter cannot exist within a magnetic field.
3.2 Dark Matter insulates / compresses electric current in open space.
3.3 Dark Matter has no effect on electromagnetism.

Information Transformation through the W+/- Boson

The W+/- Boson's object shape is a torus where information travels. The points approaching zero from both the positive and negative aspects of the torus result in information transformation. One area of information transformation occurs at the electron. The other occurs at the midpoint of the other gluon. The W+/- Boson can transfer information in both directions, but only one direction at a time. When W+/- Bosons interact, it takes an extreme magnetic field to change the direction of the flow of information. A change in the direction of rotation of the emitting baryon will also cause a reversal of charge.

The lateral wave of the W+/- Boson is the strength of which its information can extend along the torus. This exertion of the lateral wave is only affected by the properties of the emitting baryon plus the change of other magnetic fields minus the resistance of dark matter plus collected information by the electron. The lateral wave of the W+/- Boson is the distance at which this information can travel most efficiently. The strength of the lateral wave is the corresponding inverse resistance data transfered by the baryon through the Z Boson to the electron.

The longitudinal wave is where the data flows through the W+/- Boson. Data travelling from the midpoint of the other gluon to the electron creates a wave along the lateral wave. The longitudinal wave never exceeds the max point of the lateral wave. The effect of which is the accordian like shape of the magnetic field. The data flows down the longitudinal aspect of the W+/- Boson. This data is the current and the capacitance information of the emitting baryon. A rupture of the W+/- Boson will occur if the longitudinal wave data exceeds the lateral wave data.

The rotation of this data presents the shape of the W+/- Boson object. The information travelling down the W+/- Boson is always perpendicular in location and inverse in data with the corresponding Z Boson vortex. The torus is the inverse of the vortex in motion.

How is matter created?

In this model I describe how baryonic matter is created from dark matter. I feel this is a topic that I have not fully described to the extent the model requires.

Definitions in this model: (described in published papers)
Dark Matter: non-rotating gluons compressing together.
Baryonic Matter: Three rotating gluons spin to form a baryon.

Model Requirements:
The requirements for baryogenesis is that baryons are easily created by interactions within dark matter, and/or between baryons and dark matter.

General Baryogenesis:
As baryonic matter plows through the dark matter medium, the magnetic field of the baryon causes motion/rotation in the non-rotating gluons. The dark matter gluons start rotating and coalescing into Baryons.

The greater the baryonic density, the more interactions that create baryons from dark matter. This rate is variable. The W+/- Boson (magnetism) -- Dark Matter interaction is the most common but Z Bosons and Gluons can interact with DM. DM does not create an electron so it cannot interact with the photon.

We see the result of this process in pictures like this from the Fermi space telescope. I originally found this at Q SPACE

Credit: NASA

This is the baryon's commutative/composite shape as described in this model. This is the shape of helium. This shape shows properties of helium.

• A noble gas. 
• Its electrons are away from the nucleus along a plane.
• This plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field.  
• This is a stable spiral galaxy. It is not effected by (severely) another galaxy's magnetic field. 
• They do not interact well with other atoms/galaxies.
• Closed loop
• High intensity core rotating.

Where as elliptical galaxies are more like hydrogen.

• Can be highly charged

The phenomenon of retarded potentials

Nikolay NOSKOV

1940...2008

The engineer of control of the nuclear reactor, Institute of nuclear Physics, National Nuclear Center, Republic of Kazakhstan

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This is amazing. Thanks again to Curt Youngs for directing me to this man's work. 

I am reading his work and it is difficult at best. He understood something very important. I am going to be evaluating his work for some time. I am starting with "The phenomenon of retarded potentials"

His work affirms what I have been discussing. He understood longitudinal waves.   

This is a piece of that paper. Near the end. 

"Simulating the process of retarded potential on a moving test body [24] with the help of three variables: the velocity of the body, the force of interaction and the distance between the bodies, I have determined that the retarded potential occurs non-uniformly, in an undulatory fashion. It means, that the motion of bodies under the influence of a force (electrical or gravitational fields, atmospheric or liquid pressure differentials or others) occurs with longitudinal oscillations. The average velocity of a body driving with oscillations is a phase velocity.

The logical goal is finding out the direct or inverse proportionality of length of the oscillations for all three variables that lead to the expression: 

 

Where:

= length of oscillations;

H = Factor of proportionality

= phase velocity of a body

R= Distance between test and central bodies

F(R) = the law of interaction"

And that is just the beginning. 

Standard Vibration Model Predictions

I was once asked what predictions could be made from this model, or something to that effect. At the time I wondered if this model could make a prediction of a new idea in physics. It can. This is more of an explanation of an existing problem.

A change in the magnetic field around a rocket will increase the altitude of the orbit. This magnetic field will create pressure against the dark matter. This is shown at this description of the Vanguard and Explorer spacecraft and the spinning ball experiment. http://www.enterprisemission.com/Von_Braun2.htm

The equations shown in the published papers show a change in the magnetic field will change the shape of the dark/baryonic matter bubble.

Or the change in the magnetic field changes the density of the baryons. This change in density changes the altitude of density equilibrium.

They are actually the same statement, just different sides of the equation. You optimize the altitude of the satellite by changing the magnetic field surrounding the spacecraft during launch.

These changes in the magnetic field will require a great level of stability and understanding of the geometry of dark matter bubbles.

Prior to this model there was no explanation for this problem.

Pasta Universe - Geometry of State

The pasta structure in the hadron-quark phase transition and the effects on magnetized compact stars

This is important. They are showing the different geometries of state. Geometry of State. The bubble is natural. It shows up in soap bubbles. The bubble is an analog to this vibratory model.

This bubble is the interaction between 2 anti-gluon Dark Matter fabric solids and 3 gluon baryonic bubble matter. The mechanism for this interaction is the W+/- Boson or magnetism. Every boson is expressing information about the originating baryon. Every baryon is constantly going through a process of read/write phases. This allows for transmission of data about itself. It also receives data about other baryons. There is a third calculation phase.

Dark Matter, as is described in this model, is charge repugnant. They are not electrically neutral. The rule is : a dark matter, 2 anti-gluon vibration cannot occupy the same space as a 3 gluon, charged baryon. Dark Matter cannot form the lepton, electron. Thus Dark Matter is pushed aside by baryons producing the ball in the ribbon effect.

Magnetism is the rotation of the 3 gluons in a cone shape. The spinning magnet. Density is the compression of the length of the gluon. These interactions cause the bubble shape that spins and vibrates in a bubble shape.

Dark Matter is only the gluon forces of density. Dark Matter does not spin. Dark Matter exhibits density pressure force and reacts to magnetism. This interaction is the breaking of the bonds in the Dark Matter by magnetism or the W+/- Boson. The magnetic pressures of the baryons against the Dark Matter cause this interaction. There are areas of void of information in the Dark Energy that are neither Dark Matter or Baryonic Matter.

Disharmonic vibrations are not transmitted by Dark Energy from Ruleset to Ruleset. Disharmonic vibrations are absorbed by Dark Energy Rulesets.

The pictures from IBEX and other Magnetism Sensors show intense interactions at the boundries of Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter.
Credit IBEX

This model explains the pictures taken by IBEX.

Flat Universe - Another silly result from relativity

I was reading an article in the NewScientist by Pedro Ferreira
"Dark energy may be bending the universe out of shape"

"WE LIVE in a special time. For the past two decades, most of my colleagues and I have been working under the assumption that we can know everything about the universe. We know the amount of matter and energy it contains. We know its shape is flat. We can trace its history from the earliest moments after the big bang and we can even predict its fate. Or at least we thought we could."

The article continues, "Together with later measurements from NASA's WMAP satellite, the results nailed down the geometry of the universe to within a few per cent."

And, "But it was only after a few years of whittling away at the signals in early 2000 that we saw our own clear evidence of hot and cold spots with a typical size of 1 degree."
==============

It is absolutely ridiculous to state the universe is flat. There are Gamma Ray Bursts occurring all over the celestial sphere. Many of them have a red shift that would put them at >10 billion light years away. These are enormous explosion that create GRBs. These GRBs are probably galactic clusters exploding. If the universe was flat then these GRBs would be in the universe's elliptic or that 1 degree. This is not occurring.

In this Standard Vibration Model, Dark Energy is the aether that fills the universe. 100% of the universe is Dark Energy. Dark Energy is the medium in which all vibrations occur. Only 4% of the known universe is Baryonic in nature and the other 96% is Dark Matter.

Moon's motion through the Earth's Magnetosphere

I hold two models of the moon's motion. Both models require the Earth's Magnetosphere. I am moving from model one to model two because of the phases of the moon and the solar eclipses.

1) The moon is in the tail of the magnetosphere. As the Earth moves around the sun the magnetosphere pushes back the dark matter creating a bubble and ending in a tail. The denser side of the moon which always faces the earth is moving within this tail. This is like drafting in car racing. As the dark matter returns to its normal shape as the earth passes.

But this model has some issues and solves some issues.

Issues it solves. Tides. the tides occur every 12.5 hours. This would account for a small wobble in the moon's motion that causes this tidal force. Every 12.5 hours the moon is closer to the earth causing a high tide and every 12.5 hours the moon is further away causing a low tide.

Issues it creates. This model cannot allow for solar eclipses or phases of the moon.

I now think this is more like what is happening.
2) The moon is moving around the earth in its magnetosphere. Much like what is already known. But the face of the moon is always facing the earth. This would be caused if the moon is acting like a top. The more dense face points to the earth and the moon slightly rotates around the axis. This would allow for a small magnetic field for the moon. Other moons in the solar system follow this model. The moons of mars and the inner 4 moons of Jupiter do not rotate in relation to the observer on the planet. But they do rotate like a top.

Issues this model solves: The phases and eclipses.
Issues this model creates: It leave open how the tide work. This will still need to be examined.

I think the moon uses the second model in motion. This changes my original model of how the moon moves.

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As I find citations to ideas I have had I will add them to the blog. If there are disproofs of ideas I have had I will also add them to the topic.

As the solar wind flows from the sun, it carves out a bubble in the interstellar medium.

Why we see Anti-Gluons and Anti-Quarks

Why do we occasionally see Anti-Quarks and Anti-Gluons when particle accelerators teams do their amazing stuff?

The vibrations of Gluon and Anti-Gluon are so similar that during the collision of a normal atom, a Gluon may react to the collision by spinning in the opposite direction. This reverse spin Gluon is Dark Matter.

Anti-Gluons dissipate quickly into the Dark Energy on Earth. They cannot survive in an area of Dark Energy that is vibrating in the opposite direction. They are disharmonious to the distinctly different harmony of the Baryonic Matter. This exacerbated the Anti-Gluons' dissipation into the Dark Energy.

This same process occurs with Quarks. Although Anti-Quarks can bond with Quarks to form Mesons. Then the meson becomes disharmonic and dissipates. Some Mesons are more stable then others.

Anti-Gluons and Anti-Quarks in their normal vibration space form 4 Anti-Gluons per Anti-Quark. Where the Anti-Gluon has a piece of an Anti-Quark on each end of the Anti-Gluon. This geometry forms a sheet. Sheets forms a Dark Matter space.

Aether

What is it with the concept of aether, that is so repugnant? What are the rules that this breaking? I would think the concept of an aether would just be an extension of the atmosphere or any other media. These differences between baryonic magnetic material and the non baryonic dark matter allows for bubbles in the aether. This bubble would be where baryonic matter can interact with the rules of magnetism, e/m, density...

If there is to be an aether, it needs a mechanism in which the baryonic bubble is defined. In my opinion this is magnetism. Magnetism through the W+/- boson vibrates charge and force. I am beginning to think that this W boson is only read/written by the gluon. That the electron converts photons into z bosons to pass to the gluon.

This transfer of information tells the dark matter particle how much magnetic pressure is being applied and how much it needs to recoil. At its root, all force is information. Each force/boson holds information on itself, describing its originator. The Quark or Dark Matter equivalent expresses this information.

The Chain Nature of Dark Matter

In understanding the nature of memes(information) transmission in baryonic particles it becomes easier to understand the the nature of memes transmission between baryonic particles and dark matter. Memes needs to be transmitted from the baryonic atom to the dark matter particle through magnetism. Dark matter ignores photons because they lack charge. Dark matter reacts to charge, all charges +/- in the same manner. Dark matter is repulsed by charge.

There are 2 known particles that can convert magnetism into memes(information). The electron and the gluon. We can rule out the electron as a particle of dark matter because it has charge. Also if electrons were in interstellar space, photons would never make it through the medium and we would not see other galaxies. The gluon is a more promising particle that could be part of the dark matter chain.

We know that the gluon converts magnetism into color using quantum chromodynamics (QCD). When dark matter is in the presence of magnetism the dark matter is repelled. The interaction between dark matter sub-atomic particles is stronger than the magnetism applied to it. Magnetism is not strong enough to break the normal bond between the gluon and the dark matter particle attached to it. Magnetism bends this bond.

The chain nature of dark matter becomes obvious when gluons are inserted between dark matter particles. These chains form fabrics and the more dense they become the harder is becomes for baryonic particles and photons to move through them. Pioneer 10 and 11 show this in their attempts to exit the solar system.

The hidden Higgs Boson

So, the LHC is looking for the Higg's Boson. Good luck. I am convinced that you will never find it on Earth.

In my previous writing I describe Dark Matter as a Massive particle that has an anti-spin and is charge repugnant. This particle find Baryons repugnant. The earth has a massive magnetic field. So we will only find Dark Matter in interstellar space. These particle will be massive.

The other reason I don't want to call this a Boson is that, in my opinion, bosons transport information. Information require a charge to impart energy. Dark matter reacts poorly to charge. It may be more like a mix between a lepton and a quark, but it is definitely not a boson.

The Higg's Boson is not necessary.

a

Gravity is based on density and magnetism

Improved Gravity Field of the Moon from Lunar Prospector
A. S. Konopliv, A. B. Binder, L. L. Hood, A. B. Kucinskas, W. L. Sjogren, J. G. Williams

This is evidence of my argument. Here is a picture of the topography (top) and gravitational field (bottom) as shown from orbital error correction.

Although I would state we are seeing an increase of gravity in this area due to the change in density of baryonic material and it's magnetic field. This magnetic field change pushes against the dark matter in this area causing the changes in orbit.

Dark Matter Impulse Engine : SciFi

So, if I had the opportunity to build this I would.

A space craft that could under thrust pierce the dark matter, could use magnetism to work like an impulse. A magnetic field could trap dark matter in a conic shape. It could be forced through a chamber by changing the magnetic field and exit as thrust. Dark matter has mass so this could work???

Maybe???

Curvature of Space/Time

The curvature of space is a function of the density of baryons, the magnetic field, and radioactive particles emitted from the baryonic object. Really it is just the pressurization of dark matter against the baryonic matter's magnetism.

The magnetic field planets/planetoids:
Many of the planets have a magnetic field. This field is called the magnetosphere. Any of the spinning massive bodies has magnetism if it has a warm metalic core. These magnetic fields repel dark matter at a much greater rate than the baryons alone.


The non-magnetic field planet/planetoids:
The general density of an object's baryons has magnetism. This inherit magnetism causes dark matter to repel. But not nearly as much as the magnetic field. The lunar surface shows differentials in gravity to the topology [Cite:A. S. Konopliv].

The massive gas giants have cores that are magnetic. The magnetic field has been examined by NASA and others. The curvature of the space/time around Jupiter is far greater than the mass of the planet alone.

A day in the life of an Alpha Particle.

Here I am going to describe the importance Alpha Particles play in the interaction between dark matter and baryonic matter. We will theoretically follow a few particles from when they are emitted from the star to their end of life.

Our star has been burning for a few years now since it winked into existence. Nothing has really changed.

An Alpha particle is emitted from 15 degrees off the south pole of the star. It travels with all the other particles in a straight line to just past .1 au and it starts hitting resistance from the other alpha particles that have previously encountered the dark matter. These particles form a river of alpha particles that includes all the particles from 0>n>15deg. This river goes in a straight line until it again hits resistance from dark matter.

Alpha particle triptych
Degree from pole Theta:: Distance traveled before hitting resistance from dark matter
0>θ>15:: >.1 au
θ = 55:: ~.4 au
θ = 75:: ~.75 au
θ = 80:: ~1 au
θ = 85:: ~2 au
θ = 87:: ~3 au
θ = 88:: ~40 au
θ = 88.1:: ~100 au
θ = 89:: ~20000 au
θ = 89.5:: ~50000 au

This data is for explanation purposes only.
Testing is required for validation.
This torus shape surrounds the star. This is not a standard torus. It looks like M104. This galaxy has a bulbous core, but the galaxy extends along the equator. Our star exhibits similar properties. Our star is bulbous in the inner planetary core, which extends to just past 3 au. Its equatorial region extends past the ice clouds 50000+ au.




Particles emitted closer to the poles encounter dark matter resistance earlier and start changing direction to the outline of the torus towards the equator. This causes a river effect of charge particles along the baryonic side of the barrier between the dark matter and the baryonic matter.

An Alpha particle emitted from near the pole of the star (<~1 degree) will almost immediately encounter dark matter. There is an asymptotic behavior to the star’s emission of baryonic radiation. The star exhausts high energy non-baryonic sub-atomic particles from the other side of the asymptote closest to the pole.

Our alpha particles die when they crash into hydrogen or helium gas between 20000 and 50000+ au. The interesting thing here is, there is a possibility of Neucleosynthesis here in the outer region of our solar system. As Alpha particles collide with H or He they become heavier elements. For example three Alpha particles can fuse together to form a nucleus of a Carbon-12 ion(Stellar Nucleosynthesis). Free electrons would be attracted to complete the atom. These heavier particles fall again back towards the sun based on their density and angular momentum.

Other particles; Beta, Gamma, photons, are all examples of non-baryonic matter and pierce through the dark matter.

(7/30/08)addendum:: This pattern of alpha distribution will also account for mercury's orbit. Mercury will never fall into the sun because alphas push dark matter down away from the sun, at the asymptote. Thus the planet cannot fall up into the sun.

Introduction to new classifications of particles.

Introduction

This chapter gives a brief introduction to the Standard Model v2008. Each particle will be defined and each inferred relationship will be introduced.

Baryonic matter: Has mass, charge, state, spin/vibration
Non-baryonic Dark matter: has mass, state, anti-spin, charge adverse.
Non-baryonic Memes matter: (all the bosons, information)
Non-baryonic Dark Energy: Has no mass, no charge, and no spin; just state.

Dark Matter reacts to Baryons through charge causing the effect called magnetism. (addendum(11,1,08): It is easy to explain Dark Matter particles as massive, non-spining, chargeless particles that are connected in chains by gluons. The gluons read the magnetic properties and bend to the pressure described by the W boson.)

Memes Matter reacts to Baryons through efficient energy processing. Dark Energy holds Dark matter, Memes matter and Baryonic matter as an information system.

I developed these concepts while trying to explain certain phenomena. I have been working on various forms of this for the last 30 years.

Baryonic matter is everybody's favorite. It is ice cream, it is people, it is rock, it is well everything that we refer to as matter. Baryonic Matter has a specific definition. Simply, it all matter that has some form of Baryons. That cleared it up. Baryons are made of 3 quarks. Baryons are all things that have heavy mass. Anything that has a proton or a neutron has Baryons.

There are some excellent pages on WIKI that helped me understand this.

List of Baryons

Definition of Baryons

Its almost easier to define what does not have Baryons in its composition in the pantheon of sub-atomic particles . The electron, photon, and neutrinos. There may be more but that's not relevant now.

So what were the problems that made me think of this.

The electron causes the most problems. That little electron has been the bane of many physicist. It has mass, but it is not used in some calculations because its really, really small or not there at all. Even worse, you cannot predict its position or direction at any given time.

Where is the graviton? We have yet to really describe gravity. Why is there no graviton? In a previous post here I have described some of the issue I have with the moon. Also on this blog are some wonderful pic of galaxies that are being pulled apart by something that is not Baryonic matter.

Why do Natural Neural Networks form? What causes organic chemistry? Why is it that when Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen are placed together they form a mixture? But if you shock that mixture, you get protein chains. Memes as a particle describe this process.

Why is there a vacuum in space? This is weird. How does a particle re-fill the vacuum? Why is a Vacuum so important? It shows that there is an on/off. This is called state. When the vacuum is state off there is no information in that vacuum. When the vacuum state is on there is information in that vacuum.

I can understand the need for electrons and proton, but what about that neutron.
Pic by Derek

The Big Bang in a Dark Matter/Energy Universe.

I love this picture. Those are millions of galaxies!

The Big Bang in a Dark Matter/Energy Universe.

The main but yet false conjecture of the big bang theory is that all the universe’s space, time, energy and matter came from a singularity. That in this singularity all time and space comes to zero. This is where this theory falls apart.

The assumption that the universe is only E-M radiation, matter and energy is being reevaluated. Dark galaxies like VirgoHi21 show that there is matter coalescing and that this matter falls under the rules of time, space, and gravity. But Dark Matter does not have the same set of rules as baryonic matter.

Dark Matter galaxies do exhibit gravitational effects on baryonic matter galaxies. The pictures of NGC 4254 and VirgoHi21 show jets of Hydrogen being pulled/pushed from the visible Galaxy to the denser Dark Galaxy. There is gravitational lensing in the galactic cluster CL0024+17. This shows that the amount of energy needed to create the galactic cluster causes ripples in the dark matter.

The Dark Matter/Energy media

It is now hypothesized that the universe is made up of 74% dark energy, 22% dark matter and 4% baryonic matter and energy. These estimations would account for the odd behavior of stars in galaxies. Their overall velocities do not change based upon their position within the galaxy.

This paper goes to describe the Dark Matter/Energy universe as the medium of the universe and that the Big Bang was only an ultramassive supernova of baryonic matter and energy. This would require that time and space existed as they do now before the Big Bang. The Big Bang was the result of only the 4% of all of the universe’s baryonic matter and energy exploding within the Dark Matter/Energy universe.

This understanding would go to show that the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric is the shock wave that occurred within the existing Dark Matter/Energy universe caused by the exploding ultramassive super nova. This shockwave can be seen in the galactic cluster CL0024+17. This paper also attempts to show how small ultramassive black holes produce galactic clusters.

Every ultramassive black hole explosion follows approximately the same timeline as the Big Bang.

• Around 10^-32 second the temperature is ~10²⁷˚C. This allows for the development of electrons, quarks and other sub-atomic particles. The size of the explosion at this time is dependent on the mass
• At 10^-6 the resulting explosion cools to 10¹³˚C allowing for the formation of neutrons and protons.
• The first atoms form ~300,000 years after the explosion. These collect into protogalaxies over the next few million years. The temperature within the explosion is still around 10,000C.

This conjecture can be justified by examination of galactic cluster formation. The galactic cluster CL0024-16 T-R diagram shows disbursement of galaxies around a center point (TELESCOPE STUDY OF THE CLUSTER CL0024+16, Tommaso Treu, et.al. 2003). Other candidates include CL0024-17,…

These small ultramassive black holes explosions did not have any effect on the universe’s general time line or space volume. They just occurred within the current universe structure.

Creation of an ultramassive black hole.

The creation of an ultramassive black hole occurs when many supermassive black holes accrete into an ultramassive black hole. At some point the ultramassive black hole becomes unstable and explodes. Gravity from dark matter and Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric can add to this instability causing ultramassive black holes to explode by bending or breaking the singularity.

Conclusion

Time and space are not relevant to the Big Bang Theory. Time and space are a function of dark matter and dark energy. We need to rethink these equations and remove the problem of universal time and space.

Many Thanks

Aaron Guerami

aguerami@gmail.com

Another Dark ... Matter

Addendum 2/16/2010:


--------------------------
Well again I am looking at Dark Matter. Well not exactly looking at it.




Here is a picture of NGC 4254. It is a beautiful spiral galaxy in the Virgo cluster. Notice its arm is pulled away from the galaxy. This is a question that has perplexed astronomers for years. Now it is understood.

The radio telescope of Arecibo Observatory, Cardiff University, Isaac Newton Telescope, and Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope have found a gas cloud of neutral Hydrogen and dark matter nearby. The finding of this cloud goes along way to understanding NGC 4254's outstretched arm.




Here is a picture of the area in the Virgo Cluster called VIRGOHI 21. Notice that the area is not visible. This is a Dark Matter Galaxy.


When we look at the area in the 21cm wavelength we see hydrogen gas jetting from NGC 4254 to VIRGOHI 21. In the third picture the Neutral hydrogen gas streams between NGC 4254 (top left) and the Dark Galaxy VIRGOHI 21 (center right) in this image made from radio telescope observations at a wavelength of 21 centimetres. This interaction could explain the mystery of NGC 4254's peculiar lopsided shape. To the bottom left, a ring of gas can be seen around the galaxy NGC 4262. This material was presented to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, D. C. on January 12, 2006.

Even though Neutral Hydrogen is detected streaming into VIRGOHI 21, there is not enough hydrogen to cause the extension of the arm in NGC 4254. Something dense but dark is necessary to explain this. This is an example of Dark Matter.

Aaron

CREDIT: Arecibo Observatory / Cardiff University / Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope.

Dark Matter - the other matter

We have known for some time that we were missing something. Every time we tried to model galaxy formation the stars would just fly apart. Then there was the problem that stars on the outer rims of galaxies moved at the same speed as those in denser regions.

For years now I have been contemplating the n-body problem. This problem is the model of Gravity. I noticed in my tea every morning that when I put the sugar in my tea and gave it a stir it would form the shape of a galaxy. The only way it could do this is if our models were missing the tea. Physicist also saw this problem, their galaxies were spinning out of control. Everything was in chaos. They were missing the tea too.

This picture is of the galactic cluster CL0024+17. Each point of light is a galaxy. Notice the dark ring. The amount of energy in the initial explosions caused a ripple in the dark matter. Visible matter is just a small part of the universe. Present estimates show the universe is made up of 22% Dark Matter, 74% Dark Energy, leaving only 4% of the universe made of light and normal matter.

What does this mean. We only understand ~4% of the universe. But with pictures like this we can start to understand the remaining 96%.

Picture, thanks to Hubble Space Telescope and to all the people who made this possible.
Aaron
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Addendum 5/16/2010