Magnetosphere and Solar Winds

There is a lot of interesting work being done on magnetospheres, solar winds, and solar flares. I am just going to put all the papers I find on this topic here. I will break them up into topics.

Space Mission Analysis and Design Pg 198 Second Edition.
"The Earth's magnetic field is roughly dipolar;",""

Where:
Local Magnetic Field Intensity
Radial Distance in Earth radii
= Magnetic Field intensity at the equator
Magnetic Latitude.


The authors are explicit in saying that this is a basic model and to examine further more complex models.
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Solar Winds:
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Sun Spots:
NSF Special Report
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Solar Flares:
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Solar Magnetosphere:
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Interplanetary Magnetosphere:
Well IBEX is the spacecraft that could. These people did some great work. All hail IBEX. They have published their data publicly. I will put links to their data.

"The Sun moves through the local interstellar medium,
continuously emitting ionized, supersonic solar wind
plasma and carving out a cavity in interstellar space,
called the heliosphere." IBEX
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Mercury's Magnetosphere:
MERCURY: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE


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Venus' Magnetosphere:
VENUS: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE


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Earth's Magnetosphere:

Extended Michelson-Morley Interferometer experiment. English version. I think this is the Zeeman effect. The vertical shows the dynamic changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
This is interesting. I wonder what would happen at different altitudes. It certainly would be a good project to put on the space station. This is cool!

Scientists Discover Surprise in Earth's Upper Atmosphere

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Mars' Magnetosphere:
MARS: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE


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Asteroid Belt Magnetic Anomalies:
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Jupiter's Magnetosphere:
Ganymede
Properties of Ganymede's magnetosphere inferred from improved three-dimensional MHD simulations
Wiki
Ganymede's magnetosphere makes a big impression on Jupiter's auroral lightshows

Io
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Saturn's Magnetosphere:
SATURN: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE

http://nasaimages.org/luna/servlet/detail/NVA2~1~1~2206~102356:Behold-Saturn-s-Magnetosphere!

New transient radiation belt discovered at Saturn

Science Centric (14 Sep 2009 00:02 GMT) - Scientists using the Cassini spacecraft's Magnetospheric Imaging instrument (MIMI) have detected a new, temporary radiation belt at Saturn, located around the orbit of its moon Dione at about 377 000 km from the centre of the planet. The discovery will be presented at the European Planetary Science Congress in Potsdam by Dr Elias Roussos on Monday 14 September... [full story]



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Uranus' Magnetosphere:
URANUS: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE


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Neptune's Magnetosphere:
NEPTUNE: MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETOSPHERE


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Pluto,Charon Magnetosphere:
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Comets
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Ice Belts
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Magnetostatics
Biot–Savart



Where: = current [1]
is a vector, whose magnitude is the length of the differential element of the wire, and whose direction is the direction of conventional current [1]
B is the net magnetic field [1]
is the magnetic constant. (A confusion sometimes encountered is to think that μ0 is a physical constant that describes some physical property. This notion is not true: μ0 is a measurement-system constant introduced and defined as a result of international agreement) [2]
is the displacement unit vector in the direction pointing from the wire element towards the point at which the field is being computed. [1]
is the full displacement vector from the wire element to the point at which the field is being computed. [1]


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Maxwell's
I am reading A treatise on electricity and magnetism, Volume 1 By James Clerk Maxwell, Joseph John Thompson

Maxwell describes "The Three Fundamental Units".
They are:
Length[L]l
Time[T]t
Mass[M]m.
So the dimensions of mass at rest is m=l^3t^-2. This is inline with Newton's Law.

The Derived Units.
Velocity = [LT^-1]
Acceleration = [LT^-2]
Density = [ML^3]
Momentum [MLT^-1]
Force = [MLT^-2]
Work = [ML^2T^-2]
Energy = [ML^3T^-2]

These derived units are well defined by Maxwell and others.

Now Einstein comes along an changes this. Energy = [MC^2]. I don't know how or why he made this change. Nor does it make sense nor does it match the Derived Units.

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Faraday's
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Gauss' law
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Ampère's law
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Other Laws
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Coulomb's Law [1] [2]


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Interesting Videos


Interesting Papers
The pasta structure in the hadron-quark phase transition and the effects on magnetized compact stars

Buoyancy and density

Chemists understand density. They understand why a tree floats on water. They use density in their equations. Specific gravity is the relationship between objects of differing densities. Then again it should be called specific density. They can even evaluate differing densities at changing temperatures or pressures.

Physicists do not understand this. It seems to me that physicists missed chemistry class in school. It is obvious from their equations. Every equation I have evaluated shows the physicist ignorance on this topic. F=ma, E=mc^2... Mass does not exist in the natural world. Mass is a zero dimensional measurement. To a physicist, an object falls because of this magical field called gravity. Gravity has never been proven and has never been observed. Gravity is the only concept/contruct that the Standard Model cannot produce.

The physicists' equations do not integrate temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic fields in their solutions. Yet those variables are all necessary to evaluate changes in position. Each variable is associated with a boson; Photon - Temperature, Gluon - Density, W+/- Boson - Magnetism, Z Boson - Electricity.

Why should a physicist care about density? First the planets are ordered by density. The planets closer to the sun are solids, next are the gas giants, then the ice planets.
• Mercury - 5.427 g/cm³
• Venus - 5.204 g/cm³
• Earth - 5.515 g/cm³
• Mars - 3.934 g/cm³
• Jupiter - 1.326 g/cm³
• Saturn - 0.687 g/cm³
• Uranus - 1.27 g/cm³
• Neptune - 1.638 g/cm³
• Pluto - 2.03 ± 0.06 g/cm³

Motion can only be determined by evaluating the Bosons involved. This series of pictures shows what happens to a floating piece of wood when photons excite the water below.







water
steam
wood
the data is from © 1998 - 2008 roger walker
The pictures are mine

Mining the moon for He3

Helium 3 is the best nuclear fuel. It is not radioactive and produces tremendous amounts of electricity. It has already been found on the moon by Dr Schmitt Link.

We need to take manned exploration of the solar system in stages. We need to learn to build in space. We must have refueling stations placed in the flight path for emergencies.

To not put a base on the moon is ludicrous.

Newton, Quantum Mechanics and Vibrations

THE PRINCIPIA. BOOK III
PROPOSITION IV. THEOREM IV.
That the moon gravitates towards the earth, and by the force of gravity is continually drawn off from a rectilinear motion, and retained in its orbit.

The mean distance of the moon from the earth in the syzygies in semidiameters of the earth, is, according to Ptolemy and most astronomers, 59 : according to Vendelin and Huygens, 60 ; to Copernicus, 60 1/3 ; to Street, 60 2/5 ; and to Tycho, 56 1/2. But Tycho, and all that follow his tables of refraction, making the refractions of the sun and moon (altogether against the nature of light) to exceed the refractions of the fixed stars, and that by four or five minutes near the horizon, did thereby increase the moon s horizontal parallax by a like number of minutes, that is, by a twelfth or fifteenth part of the whole parallax. Correct this error, and the distance will become about 60 1/2 semi-diameters of the earth, near to what others have assigned.

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Newton's calculations of the distance are close. But yet, so are all the listed astronomer. All within a few thousand kilometers.

I understand what you find so compelling about Newton's work. It is geometric. It is decidally understandable through drawings and averages. I see the importance of this work. It broke man out of the middle ages. It brought understandable science to a God ordered world. It maintained that order.

But the universe is based on chaos. This is determined by 3 gluons. Quantum Mechanics shows us it is impossible to determine the exact position of any sub-atomic particle. This is shown through the experiments of the giant accelerators.

Newton's work will bring an answer that is close, but understandable. Quantum Mechanics understands that it is probably not correct with a margin of error. My understanding is about the error or the change in fields and the effect that has on the baryon.
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This is from the General Science Journal Forums under 'theory of everything'

Aaron: Yes, they did a great job. All of them. At getting closer and closer to a more accurate system. It has been an amazing time.

But the Standard Particle Model shows that there is no gravity. It is easy to see the 4 forces and what they do. It is also glaringly apparent that gravity is not relevant. The same process of densities moving shows not an attractive unit to motion but a repulsive/expressive one. And I say expressive, because this is all about information. The forces are nothing but information in motion.

There is no chaos if one has control of the polarity, direction of charge,rate of spin of the baryon. Really all the information describing the baryon.

Chaos results when the model breaks down. Chaos occurs when the model can not finish, because it does not describe the relation to the other forces. Chaos is what we don't expect. And in this case all we have to do to bridge that line of thinking is reverse the direction of gravity, extend the 3 dimensional nature of density of the baryon. You have essentially the same result, but now you have finer control. You know the fields involved to remove the chaos.

No need for a flat universe. No need to explain a big bang as all the universe in a bang. Space is no longer relevant to matter. Matter expresses itself as information that passes through dark energy. Dark energy does not care if it Dark or Baryonic matter. It is the medium in which information vibrates.
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A baryon is repulsive and hot. It also has a charge, direction of charge and a spin. A baryon can bond to other baryons creating different results in vibrations. A baryon, a collection of gluons, expresses itself with/as forces.

The Z Boson is precise. The logic behind this vibration is to express the baryon's heat and electricity. It does this by creating a lepton which creates a boson. The lepton is the electron and the boson is the photon. It is required that the photon is emitted by the electron. It is also required that the electron read the photon.

The photon says my baryon is precisely this spectra, it was this hot when I left it, and I traveled this far to get you receiving lepton. (Frequency, Wave Length, Temperature, counter) The receiving baryon can now calculate heat, pressure from heat, direction of heat.

The electron also transmits information on the baryon's electrical information. This is my current, charge, voltage and spin. The spin is resistance.

The analogy to music is strong.

Memes Definition

Memes have been described as ideas that perpetuate through culture.

The definition at WIKI for a meme is "A meme (pronounced /ˈmiːm/, rhyming with "cream") is a postulated unit or element of cultural ideas, symbols or practices, and is transmitted from one mind to another through speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena."

I will endeavor to redefine meme to a subatomic level, then show how these bits of information form physics, chemistry and culture. That all ideas have their basis in subatomic particles. Ideas are only collections forces from subatomic particles.

It is impossible for memes to have their basis in anything but baryonic matter. All cultural ideas must come from organic chemistry and some areas of inorganic chemistry, thus all ideas must come from collections of baryonic matter.

Memes are the bits of information needed to make bosons. Bosons are the analog forces of information used by baryons to communicate to other baryons and dark matter. For this topic dark matter is not needed since it is not part of organic chemistry.



Organic chemistry is the special rules needed for carbon based chains to communicate information to create more efficient carbon chains. DNA and RNA are the two easiest examples of this process. From WIKI Link "Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds that contain carbon. These compounds may contain any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur".

RNA is needed by the DNA to effect amino acid production in a DNA cell. All the baryons that form a chain communicate to each other in series to produce amino acids.

Baryons store information about their previous state in gluon structures call quarks. This previous state information is required to communicate current information. This structure of the baryon is formed by gluons using the strong nuclear force. The baryon communicates to other baryons using the other three emitting forces; W+/- Boson, Z Boson and the Photon. The chemical process used to create amino acids use only the information created by the baryons and expressed by the 3 emitting bosons.

This simple process is how all information is received, processed and emitted. It extends to collections of neurons. Thus extending to collections of organisms. From collections of organisms it extends to culture.

The universe is not expanding

The universe is not expanding. The material within the universe is expanding. Doppler shift shows the material in the universe is moving.

Dark Energy is the medium in which dark matter and baryonic matter exist. Baryonic matter produces magnetism. This applies pressure to the dark matter producing baryonic bubbles.

Near Space Security of Assets

Asset assurance needs to be top priority for near space security. Major manned and unmanned platforms are vulnerable to even the smallest bits of debris. Space debris is a matter of cleaning the environment for current and future usage of orbits. There are some major problems in cleaning orbits. First is identification, second is to deorbit the debris, third is protection of platforms.

Identification of debris:
There are several methods of debris identification. Some are more effective than others.
Radar is discussed as an option. There are several issues with radar that cannot be currently resolved in near space.
1. Range. The range of naval radar is no more then 100 miles. Debris travelling at 20,000 miles per hour will traverse 333 miles in a second. Any bit of debris would hit a platform before it could be identified.
2. Size of debris. Most space debris is very small. Most debris would never even show up on radar in optimal conditions.
3. Power requirements. The average power consumption of an Aegis ship based radar platform is 485 kwm^2. This would require putting a nuclear power plant in near earth orbit.
4. Effective platform. The platform required to utilize and maintain a radar platform along with its power supply would be as large as a naval frigate. This would take years to develop and deploy. It would be a project in the magnitude of deploying another International Space Station just to protect the current space station.
Ladar has similar problems as Radar. Reflectivity is the main issue. The debris must reflect the laser. This will not occur with small or poorly reflective debris.
Infrared Radhard CMOS camera would be the most effective tool currently available for detection of debris. CMOS cameras use <100 mW of power. These cameras can be placed on the current space station with little change to existing systems. They can take pictures of the sky above the space station identifying debris as it passes overhead. This can give exceptional lead time to controllers allowing for shielding or collection of debris.

Shielding: There are several methods that must be used in tandem to protect assets. These are physical protection, magnetic fields, collection, and changing orbits of larger pieces of debris.
1. Physical protection. The use of Kevlar needs to be developed by nations to protect near space assets. Kevlar encased aerogel should be used to shroud manned platforms. This provides layered protection to several hazards in space. By wrapping the spacecraft and by using shields on shock absorbing positional arms will provide excellent protection.
a. Debris
b. Thermal
c. Radiation

2. Magnetic fields. The use of magnetic fields has not been evaluated by nations as an effective form of protection. Using simple magnetic fields several thousand miles away from the platform will push most debris out of their current orbit. If done correctly, debris can be pushed into the Earth’s atmosphere. If used with identification tools, magnetic fields can be altered to match the debris’ size and speed. Small spacecraft can be deployed around the station as an effective barrier.
3. Collection vehicles. It is imperative that nations develop collection vehicles to be deployed from the station to recover debris and place it in a safe orbit.
4. Similar to collection vehicles. To remove large pieces of debris, vehicles would attach themselves to large garbage and use thrust to deorbit the junk.

In conclusion: It is imperative that nations protect space based assets. All these systems must be used in combination to provide effective protection.

I was asked to write this paper by Near Space Security for possible inclusion in March 24-25th 2010 conference in Amsterdam.

Flat Universe - Another silly result from relativity

I was reading an article in the NewScientist by Pedro Ferreira
"Dark energy may be bending the universe out of shape"

"WE LIVE in a special time. For the past two decades, most of my colleagues and I have been working under the assumption that we can know everything about the universe. We know the amount of matter and energy it contains. We know its shape is flat. We can trace its history from the earliest moments after the big bang and we can even predict its fate. Or at least we thought we could."

The article continues, "Together with later measurements from NASA's WMAP satellite, the results nailed down the geometry of the universe to within a few per cent."

And, "But it was only after a few years of whittling away at the signals in early 2000 that we saw our own clear evidence of hot and cold spots with a typical size of 1 degree."
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It is absolutely ridiculous to state the universe is flat. There are Gamma Ray Bursts occurring all over the celestial sphere. Many of them have a red shift that would put them at >10 billion light years away. These are enormous explosion that create GRBs. These GRBs are probably galactic clusters exploding. If the universe was flat then these GRBs would be in the universe's elliptic or that 1 degree. This is not occurring.

In this Standard Vibration Model, Dark Energy is the aether that fills the universe. 100% of the universe is Dark Energy. Dark Energy is the medium in which all vibrations occur. Only 4% of the known universe is Baryonic in nature and the other 96% is Dark Matter.

Baryon Volume

If a baryon's volume = 0 this violates the strong nuclear force. This would cause an explosion. I think if any of the gluons touch then this will occur.

3 Gluons form a triangle by intertwining their endpoints forming quarks. This triangle has an area. Since the baryon spins then the triangle's area forms a volume.

I was asked about this and after much discussion about mass having no volume I remembered this result. This comes from the 'Gravity' discussion at General Science Journal

Most of the baryon structure is explained further down the blog of in the paper 'Structure of Baryons'.

addendum 8/26/09
From the 'Theory of Everything' thread at GSJ

A baryon becomes more dense with a lack of space between its gluons. A baryon becomes less dense with an increase of space between its gluons. It has to do with the area of a spinning triangle. The larger the area the less dense the baryon.

Bobs: "Saying, "Or density is the space between gluons." is not the same as saying "Or density is the [lack of] space between gluons.". Different wording has different meaning."

These two statement do not have different meanings. They are different phases of the same system. This is like saying when water is below 0c, it becomes ice and reduces volume. When the temp of the water exceeds 100c, the water turns to vapor and expands its volume.

They are the same.

The Zeeman Effect

Credit: NOAO

This is called the Zeeman Effect. It is caused by a strong magnetic field effecting the information of the photon. I also notice that when the strong magnetic field dissipates the photon information returns to itself and continues on in a slightly changed direction. This slight change can account for Non-Gravitational Lensing of light in galactic clusters.

I will read more about this interaction called the Zeeman Effect from WIKI and from HyperPhysics Hyperphysics is a cool site. I just found it.

Detection of the Zeeman Effect in the
36 GHz Class I CH3OH maser line with the EVLA

Moon's motion through the Earth's Magnetosphere

I hold two models of the moon's motion. Both models require the Earth's Magnetosphere. I am moving from model one to model two because of the phases of the moon and the solar eclipses.

1) The moon is in the tail of the magnetosphere. As the Earth moves around the sun the magnetosphere pushes back the dark matter creating a bubble and ending in a tail. The denser side of the moon which always faces the earth is moving within this tail. This is like drafting in car racing. As the dark matter returns to its normal shape as the earth passes.

But this model has some issues and solves some issues.

Issues it solves. Tides. the tides occur every 12.5 hours. This would account for a small wobble in the moon's motion that causes this tidal force. Every 12.5 hours the moon is closer to the earth causing a high tide and every 12.5 hours the moon is further away causing a low tide.

Issues it creates. This model cannot allow for solar eclipses or phases of the moon.

I now think this is more like what is happening.
2) The moon is moving around the earth in its magnetosphere. Much like what is already known. But the face of the moon is always facing the earth. This would be caused if the moon is acting like a top. The more dense face points to the earth and the moon slightly rotates around the axis. This would allow for a small magnetic field for the moon. Other moons in the solar system follow this model. The moons of mars and the inner 4 moons of Jupiter do not rotate in relation to the observer on the planet. But they do rotate like a top.

Issues this model solves: The phases and eclipses.
Issues this model creates: It leave open how the tide work. This will still need to be examined.

I think the moon uses the second model in motion. This changes my original model of how the moon moves.

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As I find citations to ideas I have had I will add them to the blog. If there are disproofs of ideas I have had I will also add them to the topic.

As the solar wind flows from the sun, it carves out a bubble in the interstellar medium.

Density of the gluon

This is the axiom of the density of a Gluon:
Even a gluon occupies space so it also has a density. An energy measured over a volume. But it is measured as the strong nuclear force. The gluon has 3 bits of information: Color,Voltage,length. These three bits of information spin/oscillate about each other. Those bits of information occupy space. Gluons have volume through oscillation. The oscillation is the distance between the three bits of data. That creates density in the gluon. Much like the picture of the pulled photon.

This is a description of color:
Color is a variable that describes the data. It is an abstraction now. I think it is all the data involved in Temperature, Magnetism, and Electricity. Color is the data, voltage is the action, length is the reaction/response to external data/information.

Abstract of the Baryonic Model

Dark Energy is the media in which all vibrations transverse. The Ruleset is one bit of dark energy. Dark energy is rigid and 3 dimensional.


Baryonic matter: All baryonic matter consists of 3 gluons. These 3 gluons always form a triangle. At the connection points of 2 gluons a quark is formed by the intertwining of the gluons. Baryons have two of one type of quark and one of another. The two similar quarks spin around the axis of the other type of quark. This forms a cone in shape.

The gluon transmits information using the photon(heat), Z boson(electricity), and W+/- boson(magnetism). Each boson transmits information.

The Z boson is electricity. The dissimilar quark provides the direction of charge. The Z boson provides information to the lepton electron. This information is photon data, electron data and current. If the current of the Z boson is too strong it ejects the electron causing electricity. If the current of the Z boson is much more intense the Z boson extends to another baryon. This is plasma.

The W boson results from the two similar quarks spinning about the axis of the direction of charge. The more intense the spin of the baryon the more intense the W boson.

The photon is generated by the lepton electron. It is preloaded by the Z Boson. The electron emits the photon using Planck's Spectral Black Body Equations.
Frequency = u(v,T) = (8πhv^3/C^3)(1/e^(hv/kT)-1)
Wave length = u(λ,T) = ((8πhc)/λ^5)*(1/e^(hc/λkT)-1)

The receiving baryon's electron calculates the frequency and wave length. By evaluating the number of spins the photon has taken since emission, the receiving baryon get this information, spectra(what the emitting baryon is), Temperature of the emitting baryon, Distance traveled by the photon and direction. With this information the receiving baryon can calculate directed pressure on it, changes in temperature. Baryonic density is calculated by:

where
where M is the magnetic field
where E is the electric field
where T is the temperature field
where a,b,c are the lengths of the gluons
where A,B,C are the angles between gluons

Dark matter is made of 2 anti-gluons. These anti-gluons form anti-quarks. These vibrations spin in the opposite direction. These dark matter anti-gluon systems form threads. Many threads form fabrics. Dark matter is repelled by charge. Any W+/- boson pressurizes dark matter. This provides a bubble in the dark matter where baryons can exist.

Aaron Guerami

More on Disproof of Gravity

I still cannot get past the Scalar * a dimensionless object = a field. That breaks laws of addition. Commutative.

I say a dimensionless object because mass has no volume. It does not matter if the mass is a shell, a point or a complex composite of material of masses. Each bit has no volume.

If we are to use mass then we cannot determine the volume. If we cannot determine volume we cannot determine position. If we cannot determine position then we cannot determine motion. If we cannot determine motion we cannot determine speed. If we cannot determine speed then we cannot determine vector accelleration. If we cannot determine vector accelleration then we cannot determine direction. This is from GSJ , my posting in the gravity thread.

This is a simple problem for those who Know Newton's Gravity is correct. Please If you can solve this simple problem.

Lets do a bit of math. 28 days worth. An hour by hour evaluation of the Sun-Earth-Moon relationship.

Lets use Newtonian Mechanics. f=gM1M2/r^2

Lets use the Wiki data for Mass, Distance and the sort. And everything in Metric

Sun Mass = 1.9891×10^30 kg
Earth Mass = 5.9736 × 10^24 kg
Moon Mass = 7.347 7 × 10^22 kg

Earth Aphelion = 152,097,701 km :Starting point
Moon Aphelion = 405,696 km :Starting/End point
Moon Perigee = 363,104 km :Mid point





Lets do one orbit and see what we get. Lets see if gravity can manage the lunar orbit. Sometimes we in physics need to evaluate the data.

This is a simple Newtonian Mechanics problem. All of the Gravity people should have solved this problem before accepting attraction between massive bodies as a Fact. Oh Yeah, Show your work. There should be 1344 calculations over 672 iterations for 28 days.

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This is an impossible problem. Even Newton could not solve this problem. Scientist have tried to evaluate this problem but have done nothing but produce confusing math. There is no solution.

The reason this does not work is because of the Zero Dimensional Mass. As I have described in this blog, mass does not have volume.

Disproof of Gravity - the paper

Disproof of Gravity

By Aaron Guerami

aguerami@gmail.com

http://wbabin.net

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.

The standard particle model has yet to find any evidence of Gravity. This is most concerning since gravity is used by most modern equations. Great particle accelerators have hunted for any signs of gravity. None found!

There are several ways to disprove gravity.

1) Experimentally
One simple experiment shows there is no gravity. The Helium Balloon. It rises. How is this possible? Classical Mechanics shows that Force equals the Constant of Gravity multiplied by the Mass of Object 1 multiplied by the Mass of Object 2 divided by the Distance between the two masses raised to the second power.

F=GM1M2/r^2

With this logic, the mass of the Earth is so great that the helium balloon would have no choice but to be attracted to the Earth. We have mass 1 pulling on mass 2 and mass 2 pulling on mass 1. F1 = F2. This is just wrong. The force of the balloon that pulls the Earth is not equal to the force that the Earth pulls on the balloon. It would not rise. What we see in the experiment that the helium is rising to meet its level of density.

2) Commutitive
The mathematics of gravity is a concept called Zero Point Mass. This is a mass without a volume. This is not found in the universe. The main problem here is the reduction of 3 dimensional densities to 0 dimensional masses. Once a density is reduces to a mass, the mass cannot be returned to the original shape of the density. So we cannot cube a zero and get anything but another zero. This breaks the commutative properties of addition.

Let’s look at some of the equations and how gravity fails at a fundamental level.
F=ma : Force equals mass times acceleration.

We have a zero dimensional mass * a 2 dimensional vector and that does not equal a 3 dimensional field. So the main axiom of gravity fails the commutative test.

This alone should disprove gravity.
F = G(M1*M2)/r^2 : Force = The constant of Gravity * (The zero dimensional mass 1 * The zero dimensional mass 2)/ The 3 dimensional length between them squared. So every object pulls every other object. The dimensional problem occurs again.

A constant is what is used to fill in the gaps. When things do not work the way we want them to, we just add a constant to fix the problem. When the equation no longer works, we change the constant’s value. Physicists know about this problem. They created gravity waves and shell modeling to compensate for the dimensionless mass. But gravity is still dimensionless. The dimensionless mass cannot create a 3 dimensional shape.

We all know that gravity collapses under the scrutiny of the tiny. Quantum level objects do not show any signs of gravity. The particle accelerators prove this. They have yet to find any force that works as gravity is described.

3) Gravity fails the multi-body test.
Gravity can only compute the force between 2 objects. Any equation that uses a sum of objects fails in this way. First the two objects force is computed then the third body is computed with the resultant of the first two bodies. Then that resultant is computed with the 4 body... That is how summation works. The problem is that the distance between object 1 and 2 is not evaluated in the next iteration.

4) Gravity and Complex Systems.
Let’s look at a hurricane that is traveling over the ocean. The spinning winds cause rotation in the ocean. The low pressure of the storm causes a bulge upward in the ocean. Heat and pressure are two of the main variables in this system. As the temp increases it decreases the pressure of the storm, causing an increase in intensity in the storm. The heated air is forced up the eye wall. This is an example of a temperature/pressure force on density. It is not possible for gravity to describe this system, with or without spheres.

5) Questions posed by others:
- the rain fall because of gravity.
- the rain occurs because of water vapor cooling (temperature going closer to the dew point).
- the rain formation in itself is a very complex phenomena.
- the dynamics of rain formation depends on the presence of aerosols and fine particles.
- the dynamics of rain formation also depends on complex collision and coalescence phenomena.
- the ascending motion of air is driven by gravity on all parts of the atmosphere.
- this ascending motion is also affected by the Coriolis force.
- this motion is affected also by the drag of rain.
- this motion is also affected by the detailed geometry of the hurricane.
- the fluid dynamics itself exhibits an incredible complexity, like turbulence and instabilities.
- the term "T" in the Navier-Stokes equation above hides a lot of complexities that often still need to be understood.
- heat exchange plays an important role, yet it is not simpler than the fluid dynamics.

- the rain fall because of gravity
Rain falls because as cold water it is more dense or less buoyant then the surrounding air.
- the rain occurs because of water vapor cooling (temperature going closer to the dew point).
Yes, that is one way of looking at density and Buoyancy
- the rain formation in itself is a very complex phenomena.
Yes
- the dynamics of rain formation depends on the presence of aerosols and fine particles
Yes, the mixture of dirty water causes it to be a more dense mixture.
- the dynamics of rain formation also depends on complex collision and coalescence phenomena.
Yes again, as the less dense gas collides with other gases, their temperature reduces and the gas becomes liquid. This process occurs until the liquid water is heavier than the force of the updraft.
- the ascending motion of air is driven by gravity on all parts of the atmosphere .
No. The ascending motion of air is due to the changes in temperature. The air heats at the ground and rises. As it rises it cools and becomes liquid again. The liquid water is more dense then the surrounding air.
- this ascending motion is also affected by the Coriolis force .
There are only 4 forces, Gluon - nuclear, W Boson - magnetism, Z Boson - electricity, and the Photon - heat. Those are the only forces that have been experimentally shown.
- this motion is affected also by the drag of rain
Of course, As rain falls it drags against the updraft. This is the friction that removes the heat from the air. Heat radiates to cold.
- this motion is also affected by the detailed geometry of the hurricane
The motion is the geometry of the cyclone. Geometry is a snapshot in time of an object.
- the fluid dynamics itself exhibits an incredible complexity, like turbulence and instabilities.
The whole system is buoyancy. Buoyancy is only fluid dynamics. As a matter of opinion, everything is fluid dynamics.
- the term "T" in the Navier-Stokes equation above hides a lot of complexities that often still need to be understood.
Like G, they change T frequently. These changes of G try to mimic the evidence. Just change the constant and you will get what you want to see.
- heat exchange plays an important role, yet it is not simpler than the fluid dynamics.
Heat exchange is intrinsic to fluid dynamics. You cannot remove heat from the fluid dynamics problem.
- yet, suppress gravity and there are no hurricanes anymore
One cannot suppress gravity. Gravity is not real. It’s an old model of how objects move. Evidence has forced major changes in gravity. There is no supporting evidence of a graviton. It is like the Higg’s boson. Something that was built to try to explain interactions, but it does not.

6) Silly paradoxes created by gravity.
a. Black Holes are easily disproven by Crothers at sjcrothers.plasmaresources.com
b. Worm holes/Time travel
c. Parallel Universes
d. Relativity
e. Flat universe
f. Graviton decay
g. Higg’s Boson

Kepler's 3 laws are more in line with how planets orbit the sun. This is because of the Sun’s motion around the galaxy. This causes the elliptical shape of the orbit. Not gravity. Gravity cannot explain 3 body interactions. If the equation has a G in it then it is a Zero Point Mass system and that does not exist in the universe.

The rules of the universe are simple. An atoms position in a system is based upon its density in relation to the surrounding densities and the changes in magnetism, electricity and temperature. Density is the most important function in determining the position of an object. Density is the vibration intensity within a volume in relation to the density of the surrounding medium.

Five Problems in Physics

FIVE PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS WITHOUT THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
By Paul Fendley

1. Explain the dark matter and energy in the universe
2. Explain high-temperature super-conductivity
3. Explain the “Higgs” phenomenon in the standard model
4. Figure out how to make a quantum computer
5. Say nice things about your own work without slamming others

==========

I think this Standard Vibration Model explains (1),(2),(3) and does this in line with (5).

I don't think I have the equipment to create a Quantum Computer. I have described the bosons that vibrate through Dark Energy as a Quantum Computational system(4).

I would like to add these problems that must be explained in physics. I think this model explains these difficult problems.
1) Gravitational lensing
2) Multi-body density motion with thermodynamics, magnetism, and electricity.
3) The pathway to Organic Chemistry
4) Gamma ray bursts over the celestial sphere.
5) Information carried by Bosons.
6) Time

Non-existence of Neutrinos

There is a great paper for dissidents of modern cosmology.

http://www.worldnpa.org/pdf/events/FriendlyLetter.pdf
by David de Hilster

Neutrino & Balancing Equations
• Subatomic physics cannot balance energy without the neutrino –
FALSE
• Relativistic kinematic equations used in particle accelerators prove
the neutrino exists – FALSE
• The neutrino must be there to take away the magic energy
introduced in mainstream physics – TRUE
• Use non-relativistic equations, no neutrino is needed (see Carezani
et. al)
• Not simple without the neutrino but then again, we have little idea of
what really is happening at the end of particle accelerators so a
massive overhaul is needed
• Smashing particles
– Is that the correct way to find parts?
– If you smash enough parts, you can find anything
• Neutrinos have NEVER been detected directly

==========

Now I have always had an issue with vibrations called neutrinos. For all the reasons above and more listed in the .pdf. They seem to me to be pieces of existing vibrations. Broken gluons are my favorite possibility for this vibration. But like all dis-harmonic vibrations they must be absorbed into the dark energy.

They exist because someone's math needed to fit the experiment. Since we don't know what these are, scientist made them up to fit the experiment.

This paper goes into great detail describing nuclear without neutrinos. It is an easy read.

===========
Neutrino Evidence Research
• http://neutrinos.autodynamics.org
• Extensive research on neutrino non-existence
including examples of nuclear-nuclear collisions
described without the neutrino
• Neutrino evidence research is almost nonexistent
• Dissidents do not know the origin, history, or
evidence for the neutrino
• Why do they accept the neutrino without
knowing these things?

============

There are several other papers referenced in the pdf that help define this.

Another cosomological concept trashed.
cool.

The fallacies of gravity

This comes from my posting at GSJ
Gravity is the bane of physics. It is the center most axiom in matter physics. The whole concept needs to be abandon if we are to advance science. A theory of motion must work at all levels; quantum, itty-bitty, tiny, normal, massive, supermassive, and ultramassive.

The first major fallacy of gravity is a concept called Zero Point Mass. This is a mass without a volume. This is not found in the universe. The main problem here is the reduction of 3 dimensional densities to 0 dimension masses. Once you reduce the density to mass you cannot return a mass to the shape of the density. So you cannot cube a zero and get anything but another zero. This breaks the commutative properties of addition.

Lets look at some of the equations and how gravity fails at a fundamental level.
1) F=ma : Force equals mass times accelleration.
We have a zero dimensional mass * a 2 dimensional vector and that does not equal a 3 dimensional field. So the main axiom of gravity fails the commutative test.

This alone should disprove gravity.

But wait there is more.

F = G(M1*M2)/r^2 : Force = (The constant of Gravity * The zero dimensional mass 1 * The zero dimensional mass 2)/ The 3 dimensional length between them squared.
So every object pulls every other object.

We have mass 1 pulling on mass 2 and mass 2 pulling on mass 1. F₁ = F₂. This is just wrong. The force that the moon pulls the earth is not equal to the force that the earth pulls on the moon.

A constant is what is used to fill in the gaps. When things do not work the way we want them to we just add a constant to fix the problem.

Physicist know about this problem. They created gravity waves and sphere modeling to compensate for the dimensionless mass. But gravity is still dimensionless. The dimensionless mass now creates a 3 dimensional wave. I'll get back to this.

Objects are not spherical. The Earth is not a sphere, the Sun is not a sphere. The galaxy is not a sphere.

We all know that gravity collapses under the scrutiny of the tiny. Quantum level objects do not show any signs of gravity.

Gravity fails the multi-body test. You can only compute the Force between 2 objects. Any equation that uses a sum of objects fails in this way. First the two objects force is computed then the third body is computed with the resultant of the first two bodies. Then that resultant is computed with the 4 body... That is how summation works. The problem is that the distance between object 1 and 2 is not evaluated in the next iteration.

The gravity sphere model was designed to add volume to the problem. This analogy of the spheres is still does not match evidence. Lets look at the spheres as the different layers of the atmosphere.


http://www.williamsclass.com

Lets look at a hurricane that is traveling over the ocean. The spinning winds cause rotation in the ocean. The low pressure of the storm causes a bulge upward in the ocean. Heat and pressure are two of the main variables in this system. As the temp increases it decreases the pressure of the storm, causing an increase in intensity in the storm.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)

The heated air is forced up the eye wall. This is an example of a temperature/pressure force on density.

There is no way that gravity can describe this system, with or without spheres.

This this person with no name that I call bnon wrote.

As I asked you: "Who said rain and heat exchange is explained by gravity? "
If you have not understood my point, I can help you:

- the rain fall because of gravity
- the rain occurs because of water vapor cooling (temperature going closer to the dew point)
- the rain formation in itself is a very complex phenomena
- the dynamics of rain formation depends on the presence of aerosols and fine particles
- the dynamics of rain formation also depends on complex collision and coelescence phenomena
- the ascending motion of air is driven by gravity on all parts of the atmosphere
- this ascending motion is also affected by the Coriolis force
- this motion is affected also by the drag of rain
- this motion is also affected by the detailled geometry of the hurricane
- the fluid dynamics itselfs exhibits an incredible complexity, like turbulence and instabilities
- the term "T" in the Navier-Stokes equation above hides a lot of complexities that often still need to be understood
- heat exchange plays an important role, yet it is not simpler than the fluid dynamics

- yet, suppress gravity and there are no hurricanes anymore

Therefore Aaron, if you don't understand my reaction to your stupid comments, I don't care.
just show that you can do better than this:

So, I wrote

Let's examine your points one at a time.

- the rain fall because of gravity
Rain falls because as cold water it is more dense or less buoyant then the surrounding air. Remember Buoyancy

- the rain occurs because of water vapor cooling (temperature going closer to the dew point) Yes, that is one way of looking at density and Buoyancy

- the rain formation in itself is a very complex phenomena
Yes

- the dynamics of rain formation depends on the presence of aerosols and fine particles
Yes, the mixture of dirty water causes it to be a more dense mixture.

- the dynamics of rain formation also depends on complex collision and coelescence phenomena
Yes again, as the less dense gas collides with other gases, their temperature reduces and the gas becomes liquid. This process occurs until the liquid water is heavier than the force of the updraft.

- the ascending motion of air is driven by gravity on all parts of the atmosphere
No. The ascending motion of air is due to the changes in temperature. The air heats at the ground and rises. As it rises it cools and becomes liquid again. The liquid water is more dense then the surrounding air.


- this ascending motion is also affected by the Coriolis force
There are only 4 forces, Gluon - nuclear, W Boson - magnetism, Z Boson - electricity, and the Photon - heat. Those are the only forces that have been experimentally shown.

- this motion is affected also by the drag of rain
Of course, As rain falls it drags against the updraft. This is the friction that removes the heat from the air. Heat radiates to cold.

- this motion is also affected by the detailled geometry of the hurricane
The motion is the geometry of the cyclone. Geometry is a snapshot in time of an object.

- the fluid dynamics itselfs exhibits an incredible complexity, like turbulence and instabilities
The whole system is buoyancy. Buoyancy is only fluid dynamics. As a matter of opinion, everything is fluid dynamics.

- the term "T" in the Navier-Stokes equation above hides a lot of complexities that often still need to be understood
Like G. They change that frequently. These changes of G try to mimic the evidence. Just change the constant and you will get what you want to see.

- heat exchange plays an important role, yet it is not simpler than the fluid dynamics
Heat exchange is intrinsic to fluid dynamics. You cannot remove heat from the fluid dynamics problem.

- yet, suppress gravity and there are no hurricanes anymore
One cannot suppress gravity. Gravity is not real. Its an old model of how objects move. Evidence has force major changes in gravity. There is no supporting evidence of a graviton. Its like the higgs boson. Something that was built to try to explain interactions. But it does not.

Kepler's ellipse motion is more in line with how planets orbit the sun. This is because of the motion of the sun around the galaxy. This causes the elliptical shape of the orbit. Not gravity. Gravity cannot explain 3 body interaction. You can put up all the equations you want. If they have a G in them then they are a Zero Point Mass system and that does not exist in the universe.

The rules of the universe are simple. An atoms position in a system is based upon its density in relation to the surrounding densities and the changes in magnetism, electricity and temperature. This occurs inside a non-baryonic dark matter bubble as explained in this blog.

Split Photons

In the presence of magnetic field, spectral lines that are normally at a single wavelength become split into two or three components. Here observations of spectral lines inside a sunspot (split lines) and in the surrounding solar surface (single line) are shown.
Image credit: NOAO.
From Heidi Korhonen at cosmicdiary.org

************

This is amazing. Here we see a split spectra due to magnetism. In great magnetic fields, photons bend or in this case split. Since this is a spectral line, I would say that this is evidence of 3 pieces of information contained in the wave.

+++++++++++
addendum 07/22/2009
This is called the Zeeman Effect. It is caused by a strong magnetic field effecting the information of the photon. I also notice that when the strong magnetic field dissipates the photon information returns to itself and continues on in a slightly changed direction. This slight change can account for Non-Gravitational Lensing of light in galactic clusters.

Solar System is Ordered by Density

Each of the planets in the solar system are ordered by the density of the material they consist in the cores.

The very dense metal cores make up the inner planets.

The gas giants and ice giants have light metals and metallic hydrogen cores.

Outside that are the ice clouds.

Addendum 6/30/09

I have published a paper on this topic with data at General Science Journal

DNA and Z Boson Information

This comes from GSJ forum. This stems from a discussion on consciousness and matter. It started as a discussion on time. We diverged.


Consciousness is not necessary for matter. Matter has rules. What is interesting about consciousness is that it forms only in carbon and silicon, that we know of. I would say that consciousness is only the effect of information efficient carbon structures.

The Neural Network is necessary to produce the efficiency needed to store and process information in carbon. Other structures either store or process information.

This is the process of DNA. DNA is a carbon structure that is efficient at processing information but not storage. An electron starts at one side of the structure and changes the information it stores as it passes along the structure. Like an antenna that changes the information as it receives and transmits the information along the chain. Proteins are produced through this process. The proteins store this information, until it's information is used by other carbon structures.

The Z Boson is most responsible for this process. It processes the information until it is finished with the chain. It hands of the electron to another Z Boson, processing the information in the Gluons. Like an antenna, that changes the information along its length.

This process is far more complex than motion or clocks. It is not so simple to jump from matter to consciousness. Consciousness is a virtualization of information.

***********

Not only must models of the universe explain; the motion of matter, descriptions of electricity and magnetism, they must explain the jump to Organic Chemistry. It is fundamental to any model of the universe to describe how we work. It is vital that the rules maintain consistency through all the variations of information. This model of information can make that consistency challenge.

The new model of information will be the basis for the study of Organic Computational Science. This will be the understanding of the principles of information in organic structures.

Gamma ray burst

Yesterday I was watching the science channel. They were showing the unexplained phenomena of Gamma Ray Burst(GRB).

They set up the problem:
1)GRBs occur anywhere on the celestial sphere.
2)GRB's Redshift was to the far red.
3)The amount of energy released by a GRB is tremendous.

Let's take point 2 first.
The redshift of these explosions is to the far red. This means they occurred outside our galaxy, in a galaxy far, far away. These explosions occur outside our best detectors range. This means they are more that 15 billion light years away. They are outside our known data of the limited expanse we call the universe. We only see 15 billion light years, so according to mainstream astronomers that is it. The universe is only 15 billion light years across.

We can only see the explosion for a short period of time. In that time the astronomical community pointed all available detectors at the explosion. They captured all wavelengths of the explosion. The science channel showed a composite picture of all the available wavelengths.

Point 1)
GRBs occur anywhere on the celestial sphere. This means to me that there are massive explosion occurring outside the known bounds our universe. They are not on the galactic plane. They are not close to where astronomers have found our great explosion. They are everywhere.

Point 3)
The energy needed to create gamma rays is immense. The fact that these photons have not reduced to radio waves over the distance traveled shows that there is more energy then just the range of gamma rays. The GRB reduced their energy to be gamma rays over the distance traveled. They started out much more energetic.

The energy needed to create gamma ray burst could only come from an immense explosion. The extreme red shift requires that they be at a vast distance. They are evenly disbursed across the sky.



This is a small galactic super cluster. It is analogous to any super massive explosion. These fireworks explode an object of tremendous density producing millions of galaxies. Imagine the energy in the shockwave.

Only a galactic super cluster or larger explosions could generate this kind of energy. This means these larger explosions could be trillions of light years away. Fire off one of these bad boys and you'll see it forever, well almost. This expands the known universe. They are big bangs occurring everywhere in this dark matter/ dark energy universe. Several hundred thousand a year.

This tell me that the universe is larger than currently described. More importantly there are many big bangs per hour.

Continuance of the Universe

addendum 6/16/09
Anon;

From Nasa (2):

"The September 4 burst, named GRB 050904 for the date it was detected, had a redshift of 6.29, which translates to a distance of about 13 billion light years from Earth. (The Universe is thought to be 13.7 billion years old.) The previous most distant gamma-ray burst had a redshift of 4.5. The most distant quasar known is at redshift 6.4. "

"(Redshift 2 is about 10 billion light years; redshift 5 is about 12 billion light years. Star formation began about 200 million years after the Big Bang, at a redshift between 20 and 10.)"

Therefore the GRBs do not indicate that the universe is older than previously thought.

---------

Being that GRB 050904 is located in the direction of Pieces (I cannot find its RA and dec) and is ~13b ly away. It has a redshift of z=6.295.

Then there is GRB 080913 located in the direction of Leo (RA 4h 22m 54.7s, dec -25° 07' 46.2)with a redshift of z=6.7 at 12.8b ly.

There is also GRB 090423 RA: 09h 55m 33.08s; Dec: +18° 08 58.9) with a redshift of z = 8.2

None of these are near the big bang, the so called origin of all matter and space/time. Each of these is 13b ly away in different directions. If all matter and space/time came from one massive bang then they would all be in a tiny area of the sky.

Variables Involved in Baryonic Motion

δ_Dn= δ_Dp+(Δδ_M+Δδ_E+Δδ_T)

Where:

δ_Dn = Baryonic density of object, not effected by dark matter boundaries.
where δ_Dp Previous baryonic density of object = (δ_M+δ_E+δ_T)/(1/2bcSin(A))
where a,b,c are the lengths of Gluons
where A,B,C are the angles between Gluons at the Quarks

δ_M = Magnetic field (W Boson) emitted from and read by Baryon. The W Boson is related to the rotational speed of the Baryon. In the case of uud, the 2 u quarks spin in a cone shape around the d Quark. The center of this cone is the rotational axis. The faster the spin the more intense the W Boson. The Voltage = the rotational speed.

δ_E = Electric field (Z Boson) emitted from and read by Baryon.
The uu rotational plane is perpendicular to the Z Boson field . The down quark lies on the rotational axis and is the direction of charge.

using Density Function Theory Introduction
ABCs of DFT
(DFT Wiki)

δ_T = Temperature field (Photon) emitted from and read by Leptons (Electrons) of the Baryon.
using Planck's spectral black body equations
u(v,T) = (8πhv^3/C^3)(1/e^(hv/kT)-1)
u(λ,T) = ((8πhc)/λ^5)*(1/e^(hc/λkT)-1)

This occurs during one spin of the object.
Equilibrium state:
t₀₁ = beginning of vibrations entrance to the Dark Energy Ruleset.
where
Work state:
t₁₁ = change period of Baryon. Application of work equations.
where δ_D= δ_Dp+(Δδ_M+Δδ_E+Δδ_T)
Equilibrium state:
t₀₂ = beginning of vibrations entrance to the Dark Energy Ruleset.
where δ_D = (δ_M+δ_E+δ_T)/(1/2bcSin(A))

Buckyballs

This picture is from wiki uploaded by Itamblyn

Hydrogen atom pictoral representation

This is the picture that shows all the vibrations of the atom at an instant.

I noticed the asymmetry in the picture. This helps describe the general asymmetry of the universe. While the atom is in motion, this asymmetry causes error. Error causes pattern.

Another thing I noticed, is how essential trigonometry is. Those three Quarks always form a triangle in 3d space. I see Sine waves and Cosine waves.